“The provision of supportive, protective, and (or) corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment”, 9. theory of transpersonal caring Biography Margaret Jean Harman Watson, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN, was born and grew up in Welch, West Virginia. She has two grown daughters, Jennifer and Julie, and five grandchildren. Table 1: Jean Watson's theory of Transpersonal Care and the Caritas Processes™. Transpersonal Caring theory evolved from Watson's own personal values, beliefs, and perceptions regarding human life, health, and healing. Originally, Watson’s concept revolved around three major parts, namely the carative factors, the transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring moment. Definition: Watson's Theory of Care. Retrieved February 8, 2007 from www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/arohap/aphome/NURS3006/Resources/theorists.ppt. Watson believes that nurses have the responsibility to go beyond the 10 carative factors and to facilitate patients’ development in the area of health promotion through preventive health actions. Critics of Watson’s work have concentrated on her use of undefined or changing/shifting definitions and terms and her focus on the psychosocial rather than the pathophysiological aspects of nursing. Watson’s theoretical concepts, such as use of self, patient-identified needs, the caring process, and the spiritual sense of being human, may help nurses and their patients to find meaning and harmony during a period of increasing complexity. Disease in turn creates more disharmony” (Watson, 1985, 1988, p. 48). Concern has been expressed as to whether nursing practice is guided on the basis of scientific evidence or research. The notion of health professionals as wounded healers is acknowledged as part of the necessary growth and compassion called forth within this theory/philosophy (Watson, 2006b). Rafael, AR. In this context human life entails the mental spiritual and physical being. She modified the 10 factors slightly over time and developed the caritas processes, which have a spiritual dimension and use a more fluid and evolutionary language. 9–10). As Watson’s ideas and values have evolved, she has translated the 10 carative factors into caritas processes. Watson’s theory has guided nursing practices in numerous areas, including rehabilitation facilities, hospices, hospitals, and long-term care services. Her first book, Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring (1979), was developed from her notes for an undergraduate course taught at the University of Colorado. Nurses are interested in understanding health, illness, and the human experience; promoting and restoring health; and preventing illness. Clinical caritas processes Part of the Theory of Human Caring, these create a framework that encompasses nursing's values, knowledge, and practices of human caring that focus on subjective inner healing processes and the life . This video shows a brief example of the difference between a nurse who applies Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring and a Nurse who is not necessarily a bad . Watson’s recent writings update her theory (Watson, 2012), review caring measurement (Nelson & Watson, 2011), and guide the creation of a caring science curriculum (Hills & Watson, 2011). In this context, the 4 important ideas of nursing – individual, environment, well being, and nursing – are encompassed in the theory. As the youngest of eight children, she was surrounded by an extended family–community environment. This paper should include 2 outside references and your book. Effective communication has cognitive, affective, and behavior response components (Watson, 1979). Her first two children were delivered in Mexico, and her last child was delivered 1 year ago at another hospital in the United States. You may search for similar articles that contain these same keywords or you may As shown in previous slides, Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring adequately describes the four global concepts. Search for Similar Articles What emerges is Intentional Transpersonal Caring, whereby intentionality . Keywords The principle places emphasis on the transcendent and therapeutic high quality of a caring relationship shared by nurse and affected person. The transpersonal caring relationship describes how the nurse goes past an objective evaluation, exhibiting considerations toward the person's subjective and deeper that means relating to their own well being care state of affairs, whereas the caring moment is defined as the moment (focal point in space and time) when the nurse and another . In addition, the concepts are used in nursing programs in Australia, Japan, Brazil, Finland, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, to name a few. September 14, 2021, 2:11 pm Although some consider her theory complex, many find it easy to understand and to apply in practice. modify the keyword list to augment your search. Instruments for Assessing and Measuring Caring in Nursing and Health Sciences (2002), a collection of 21 instruments to assess and measure caring, received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Award. After the routine postpartum exam, you address Maria’s biophysical needs for rest and her emotional concerns. The caring-healing paradigm is located within a cosmology that is both metaphysical and transcendent with the co-evolving human in the universe. It allows the patient to be informed and shifts the responsibility for wellness and health to the patient. (Fawccett, 2000) The central point of which is on the human component of caring and actual encounter between the client and the caregiver. Please enable scripts and reload this page. 4 Development of a helping-trust relationship. All registration fields are required. Interestingly, caring is far from a new concept. For example, she has used human science, empirical phenomenology, and transcendent phenomenology in her work. Her medical history is unremarkable, and her prenatal history is normal. The nurse’s ability to connect with another at this transpersonal spirit-to-spirit level is translated via movements, gestures, facial expressions, procedures, information, touch, sound, verbal expressions, and other scientific, technical, aesthetic, and human means of communication, into nursing human art/acts or intentional caring-healing modalities. • Ongoing personal and professional development and spiritual growth, as well as personal spiritual practice, assist the nurse in entering into this deeper level of professional healing practice, allowing for awakening to a transpersonal condition of the world and fuller actualization of the “ontological competencies” necessary at this level of advanced practice of nursing. It involves congruence, empathy, nonpossessive warmth, and effective communication. Transpersonal teaching and learning. 21. Such a perspective sarcastically locations nursing inside its most mature framework, consistent with the Nightingale model of nursing, but to be actualized, however awaiting its evolution inside a caring-healing principle. Patients must satisfy lower-order needs before attempting to attain higher-order needs. The four elements are the ten carative factors/clinical caritas processes, transpersonal caring relationships, caring moment/occasion, and caring-healing modalities. It emphasizes the humanistic aspects of nursing in combination with scientific knowledge. Jean Watson's theory of Transpersonal Caring ( or Theory of Human Caring ) was originally developed in 1979 but has continued to germinate over the old ages. This factor, incorporating humanistic and altruistic values, facilitates the promotion of holistic nursing care and positive health within the patient population. The sample of 242 nurses completed a researcher-developed survey based on Watson's theory of transpersonal caring. Human is viewed as greater than and different . The scope of the framework encompasses broad aspects of health-illness phenomena. Watson’s theory calls upon nurses to go beyond procedures, tasks, and techniques used in practice settings, coined as the trim of nursing, in contrast to the core of nursing, meaning those aspects of the nurse-patient relationship resulting in a therapeutic outcome that are included in the transpersonal caring process (Watson, 2005; 2012). Results showed that experienced, hospital-based nurses and those demonstrating greater familiarity with Watson's theory had higher caring scores. There is a growing body of national and international research that tests, expands, and evaluates the theory (DiNapoli, Nelson, Turkel, & Watson, 2010; Nelson & Watson, 2011). 9-10). Clark, C. (2016). Nursing theorists. 800-638-3030 (within USA), 301-223-2300 (international) The nursing process is similar to the research process in that it is systematic and organized (Watson, 1979). It has been in existence for a long period of time and has been used by researchers as a theoretical framework for their studies. Maria has limited family support, with the exception of her sister-in-law, who lives 3 hours away; she lacks a friend network because of her immigration from Mexico, and she has no support group to support coping. Theory of human caring (website). In this book, she leads the reader through thought-provoking experiences and the sacredness of nursing by emphasizing deep inner reflection and personal growth, communication skills, use of self-transpersonal growth, and attention to both caring science and healing through forgiveness, gratitude, and surrender. 21. Although the theory does not lend itself easily to research conducted through traditional scientific methods, recent qualitative nursing approaches are appropriate. 9 Assistance with gratification of human needs. • The nurse’s own life history, previous experiences, opportunities for focused study, having lived through or experienced various human conditions, and having imagined others’ feelings in various circumstances are valuable teachers for this work; to some degree, the nurse can gain the knowledge and consciousness needed through work with other cultures and study of the humanities (e.g., art; drama; literature; personal story; or narratives of illness or journeys), along with exploration of one’s own values, deep beliefs, and relationship with self, others, and one’s world. How is love, as defined by Watson, evident in this caring moment? (2004). Erci, B., Sayan, A.,Tortumluoglu, G., Kilic, D., Sahin, O., & Gungormus Z. As shown in previous slides, Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring adequately describes the four global concepts. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(2), 130–139. The social workers have arranged transportation for Maria and Daniel to visit their newborn at the Level III hospital after they are discharged today. Many hospitals seeking Magnet status, such as Central Baptist Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky, are meeting these challenges by using Watson’s Theory of Human Caring for administrative change. The purpose of this presentation is to provide our dear readers with the understanding of the Theory of Transpersonal Caring by Jean Watson. She earned a baccalaureate degree in nursing in 1964 at the Boulder campus, a master’s degree in psychiatric–mental health nursing in 1966 at the Health Sciences campus, and a doctorate in educational psychology and counseling in 1973 at the Graduate School, Boulder campus. For information on cookies and how you can disable them visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy. b. Myers's theory of the "subliminal self" strongly influence William James. One of the gifts through the suffering was the privilege of experiencing and receiving my own theory through the care from my husband and loving nurse friends and colleagues” (Watson, personal communication, August 31, 2000). To develop her theory, Watson (1988) defines theory as “an imaginative grouping of knowledge, ideas, and experience that are represented symbolically and seek to illuminate a given phenomenon” (p. 1). Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring and the caring moment are based in part in the concepts of transpersonal psychology. Watson has received several research and advanced education federal grants and awards and numerous university and private grants and extramural funding for her faculty and administrative projects and scholarships in human caring. Watson, J. University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay. What is Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring? 22. Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring and the caring moment are based in part in the concepts of transpersonal psychology. The conscious will of the nurse affirms the subjective and spiritual significance of the patient while seeking to sustain caring in the midst of threat and despair—biological, institutional, or otherwise. Today you are excited and challenged to integrate Watson’s theory into your midwifery care of Maria, a 23-year-old Hispanic female, gravida 4 para, TPAL 4004 (meaning term, preterm, abortion, and live births in her pregnancy history), who presents in labor at 39 weeks gestation. The Philosophy and Science of Caring has four major concepts: human being, health, environment/society, and nursing. These elements are listed below. Use of the nursing process brings a scientific problem-solving approach to nursing care, dispelling the traditional image of a nurse as the doctor’s handmaiden. 8 Provision for a supportive, protective, and corrective mental, physical, sociocultural, and spiritual environment. Watson's personal opinions of medical brought about the conception in the theory in 1979, at the time once she was a professor of nursing on . The transpersonal caring relationship describes how the nurse goes beyond an objective evaluation, displaying concerns toward the person’s subjective and deeper meaning relating to their very own health care scenario, whereas the caring moment is outlined as the moment (focal point in space and time) when the nurse and one other individual come together in such a method that an occasion for human caring is created (Cara, 2003). It is often considered dualistic because I use the, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), on 7. practices and transpersonal self going beyond the ego self. In healthy individuals, these developmental stages can engender the highest human qualities, including altruism, creativity, and intuitive wisdom. These authors wish to thank Dr. Jean Watson for her ongoing inspiration and support, along with her review of the content of this chapter for accuracy and her assistance in updating the references and bibliography. As Watson’s work evolved, she increased her focus on the human care process and the transpersonal aspects of caring-healing in a Transpersonal Caring Relationship (1999, 2005). In addition, the theory addresses aspects of health promotion, preventing illness and experiencing peaceful death, thereby increasing its generality. They are the the carative factors, the transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring occasion/caring moment. She believes that study of the humanities expands the mind and enhances thinking skills and personal growth. In her inquiry and writing, she increasingly incorporated her conviction that a sacred relationship exists between humankind and the universe (Watson, 1997, 2005). It has been “recommended as a guide to nursing sufferers with hypertension, as one means of decreasing blood stress and improve in quality of life,” in a examine made on its effectiveness on the standard of life and blood strain of sufferers with hypertension in Turkey (Erci, Sayan, Tortumluoglu, Kilic, Sahin, & Gungormus, 2003). Human Being - Watson believes that the person is to be valued, cared for, respected and viewed in a holistic way, as body, mind and spirit. Her international activities also include an International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia (1982), a Fulbright Research and Lecture Award to Sweden and other parts of Scandinavia (1991), and a lecture tour in the United Kingdom (1993). Helping-trusting, human care relationship. As can be derived from what has been mentioned, the theory is concerned with establishing nursing as a occupation distinct from the healing nature of standard medicine, to which it has been initially strongly related to – the original position of the nurse being to primarily take care of the patient as dictated and required by illness or illness. Human Being - Watson believes that the person is to be valued, cared for, respected and viewed in a holistic way, as body, mind and spirit. Describe the basic disagreements that existed between Freud and Carl Jung about the structure, Jean Watson 1940 to Present Credentials and background of the theorist Margaret Jean Harman Watson,… To understand the theory as it is presented, the reader does best by being familiar with the broad subject matter. You know that Watson’s caring theory and carative factors/caritas can potentiate successful outcomes and an optimum state of health for Maria, her husband, and their newborn daughter. Her theory calls upon nurses to go beyond procedures, tasks, and techniques used in practice settings, coined as the "trim" of nursing, in contrast to the "core" of nursing, meaning those aspects of the nurse-patient relationship resulting in a therapeutic outcome that are included in the transpersonal caring process (Watson, 2005 . Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. The purpose of explicating these humanities-based concepts is to support nurses and nurse educators in creating a deeper understanding of . She worked from Yalom’s 11 curative factors to formulate her 10 carative factors. She is adamant that nursing education incorporate holistic knowledge from many disciplines integrating the humanities, arts, and sciences and that the increasingly complex health care systems and patient needs require nurses to have a broad, liberal education (Sakalys & Watson, 1986). Others call for sustaining a professional environment based on the definition of patient care essentials (Pipe, Connolly, Spahr, et al., 2012). Clark, C. S. (2016). She views the person as “a unity of mind/body/spirit/nature” (1996, p. 147), and she says that “personhood is tied to notions that one’s soul possess a body that is not confined by objective time and space ….” (Watson, 1988, p. 45). The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. (See Watson’s website [www.watsoncaringscience.org] for examples of her theory in practice and further information about the many clinical agencies that use Watson’s work, such as Miami Baptist Hospital, Resurrection Health System [Chicago], Denver Veterans Administration Hospital and Children’s Hospital [Denver], Inova Health System [Virginia], Baptist Central Hospital [Kentucky], Elmhurst Hospital [New York], Pascak Valley Hospital [New Jersey], Sarasota Memorial Hospital and Tampa Memorial Hospital [Florida], and Scripps Memorial Hospital [California], among others.). Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring. (2003). It is the time when nurses come together with individuals and have a unique opportunity, special to the dynamics of that relationship, to affect a patient's healing process both spiritually and physically (George, 2010). You speak with the social worker since she can be a liaison between mother and newborn during Lilia’s transport. A pragmatic view of Jean Watson’s caring principle. The sharing of feelings is a risk-taking experience for both nurse and patient. The person is viewed as complete and full, no matter illness of illness (Watson, 2006). Results showed that experienced, hospital-based nurses and those demonstrating greater familiarity with Watson 's theory had higher caring scores. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary (2015) the term transpersonal is defined as "extending or going beyond the personal or individual or of, relating to, or being psychology or psychotherapy concerned especially with esoteric mental experience that goes beyond the usual limits of ego and . (2006). Paradoxically, abstract and simple concepts such as caring-love are difficult to practice, yet practicing and experiencing these concepts leads to greater understanding. Jean Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring, which this kind of paper endeavors to analyze and evaluate using J. Fawcett's Framework of Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Medical. She says that “healing spaces can be used to help others transcend illness, pain, and suffering,” emphasizing the environment and person connection: “when the nurse enters the patient’s room, a magnetic field of expectation is created” (Watson, 2003, p. 305). 22. Watson’s inclusion of metaphors, personal reflections, artwork, and poetry make her concepts more tangible and more aesthetically appealing. This paper will provide a historical background around transpersonal psychology and how it relates to Watson's human caring moment. The theory is focused on "the centrality of human caring and on the caring-to-caring transpersonal relationship and its healing potential for both the one who is caring and the one who is being cared for" (Watson, 1996). Watson's theory of transpersonal caring. The theory seeks to deepen understanding of the universal, ethical, and person-centered roots of caring and healing for self . Watson was Dean of University of Colorado School of Nursing and Associate Director of Nursing Practice at University Hospital from 1983 to 1990. The following case study was adapted from Valerie Taylor’s (2008) clinical example for a presentation in Advanced Nursing Synthesis for the Nurse-Midwifery Concentration, East Carolina University College of Nursing (reprinted with permission). Watson's (1996) Theory of Transpersonal Caring serves as a guide to both the discipline and professional development of nurses. The ANCM is made visible in a caring-healing presence throughout the hospital. Smith (2004) published a review of 40 research studies that specifically used Watson’s theory. The Finnish nursing theorist Katie Eriksson's (1943-2019) theory of caritative caring represents a non-medical paradigm concerning the phenomena of nursing. Later, she defined health as “unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul” associated with the “degree of congruence between the self as perceived and the self as experienced” (Watson, 1988, p. 48). theory of personality instead of Myers's subliminal self theory at the threshold of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This chapter uses the terms theory and framework interchangeably. Discuss the strengths and limits to Watson's Theory. This direction, ironically while embedded in principle, goes past concept and turns into a converging paradigm for nursing’s future (Watson, 2006). of being and meaning,attempting to stay within other's frames of reference." answer choices. Watson's background is in nursing and psychology. The notion of health professionals as wounded healers is acknowledged as part of the necessary growth and compassion called forth within this theory/philosophy (Watson, 2006b). Get to know about Dr. Watson's nursing theory, its major concepts, assumptions, and application to nursing in this study guide. Among the latter is Dr. Jean Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring, which this paper attempts to research and evaluate utilizing J. Fawcett's Framework of Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing. Philosophy and theory of transpersonal caring Dr. Jean Watson is a nurse theorist who developed "Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring" or "Caring Science" and founder of Watson Caring Science Institute. Congruence involves being real, honest, genuine, and authentic. “The formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values”, 3. 1. Belonging is to an infinite universal spirit world of nature and all living things; it is the primordial link of humanity and life itself, across time and space, boundaries and nationalities” (Watson, 2003, p. 305). Some have suggested that it takes too much time to incorporate the caritas into practice, and some note that Watson’s personal growth emphasis is a quality “that while appealing to some may not appeal to others” (Drummond, 2005, p. 218). The theory assumes that care can only be effectively demonstrated through interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients, which, in turn, may lead to patients achieving optimal health (Clark, 2016). At 0045 today, I attend Maria for her spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy infant girl, Lilia, who has an Apgar score of 8 and 9. Caring/Caring Science over 35 years ago; since that time, the theory has evolved, and yet the concept of the creation of a transpersonal caring-healing moment remains as central to the core of both understanding and enacting the theory in nursing practice. “The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning”, 8. In later work, she has a much broader view of environment: “the caring science is not only for sustaining humanity, but also for sustaining the planet …. She asks others to be open to possibility and to put away assumptions of self and others, to learn again, and to “see” using all of one’s senses. Dr. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. behaviors, cognition, body language, feelings, intuition, thoughts, senses, the energy field, and so forth, all contribute to the transpersonal caring connection. Watson describes two personal life-altering events that contributed to her writing. After initial bonding, infant Lilia is transported to the newborn nursery; her exam is normal and without problems. 9 ) . A trusting relationship promotes and accepts the expression of both positive and negative feelings. Ongoing personal and professional development and spiritual growth, as well as personal spiritual practice, assist the nurse in entering into this deeper level of professional healing practice, allowing for awakening to a transpersonal condition of the world and fuller actualization of the “ontological competencies” necessary at this level of advanced practice of nursing. Jean Watson's theory of Transpersonal Caring ( or Theory of Human Caring ) was originally developed in 1979 but has continued to germinate over the old ages. In this theory she highlighted the potential of the connection that the nurse can establish to care and heal the patient. Persky, Nelson, Watson, and Bent’s (2008) study used a quantitative approach to determine the attributes of a “Caritas nurse” as part of an effort to initiate Relationship-Based Care (RBC) at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center. References Bernick, L. (2004). Dr. Watson's private views of nursing brought in regards to the conception of the theory in 1979, on the time when she was a . Dr . It was an try to deliver that means and focus to nursing as an rising self-discipline and distinct well being career with its personal unique values, data and practices, with its personal ethic and mission to society (Watson, 2006). After moving to Colorado, Watson continued her nursing education and graduate studies at the University of Colorado. Through caring, the care giver recognizes the situation of the recipient at a deeper level, enabling him/her to sympathize as wanted, and supply the suitable care needed by the affected person. You encourage the neonatologist and nursery staff to let the parents bond with Lilia before her transport. Her works (2005) remind us of the “spirit-filled dimensions of caring work and caring knowledge” (p. x).

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